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Can humanoid robots move beyond the games?_我的网站

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On the blue track inside the National Speed Skating Oval, robots chased each other in the 400-meter race. A sprinting Tien Kung robot was tripped by a rival robot lying on the track but did not fall. Instead, it adjusted its posture in seconds and continued toward the finish line with a result of 38.15 seconds, breaking human 400-meter race world record of 43.03 seconds, held by South African athlete Wayde van Niekerk. 
This scene unfolded on Sunday, the first official competition day of the 2nd World Humanoid Robot Games (WHRG). Later that evening, a humanoid robot named Lightning, developed by Honor Co., broke the long-standing human 1,500-meter world record of 3:26 set by Moroccan athlete Hicham El Guerrouj with a time of 2:30.22. Just one night earlier, during the opening ceremony's 100-meter sprint and high jump demonstrations, humanoid robots had already shattered records long held by human athletes Usain Bolt and Javier Sotomayor — merely an appetizer for the five-day sci-fi spectacle.
The Games have attracted 666 teams from 16 countries across six continents, up 138 percent from its inaugural edition. The number of participating robots quadrupled to 2,056, the Global Times learned from the organizing committee.
Yet the biggest change this year was not only the scale, but also the technological maturity. More teams have shifted from remote-controlled robots to fully autonomous systems. Chinese observers, after watching several events, said humanoid robots are no longer limited to simple demonstrations of walking or dancing. Increasingly, they are being tested in environments that demand speed, coordination, perception and decision-making.
From movement to intelligence

Behind the record-breaking performances are a series of technological upgrades. During the running events, Global Times reporters observed that robots were able to make subtle movements around their hip joints while walking, allowing them to maintain balance and produce movements closer to human biomechanics.
Guo Yijie, technical director of Tien Kung Ultra, said the improvement came from advances in hardware design.
"Robot joints have improved in torque and speed. As competitions demand higher power output, the reliability of the main control board, power board and high-power battery discharge capability have become increasingly important," Guo told the Global Times.
According to Guo, the same Tien Kung Ultra robot was used in both sprinting and jumping events. For running, the waist needs rotation to balance the inertia generated by leg movements. For jumping, the upper body requires pitching movement to help the robot achieve greater distance or height, Guo said, noting that these can all be achieved with only slight adjustments to the waist configuration were needed, and it highly demonstrated to the robot design's flexibility.
Besides the hardware upgrades, developments in robots' faster decision-making in "brains' is better showcased in football competitions.
The Booster T2 robot used by many domestic and overseas football teams has increased its onboard computing capability by 10 times compared with the previous generation. The time from recognizing the goal to deciding whether to pass or shoot has been reduced to around 100 milliseconds - faster than the time humans usually need to blink.
Cheng Hao, a technical representative from Boosters Robotics, said the improvement represents an "end-to-end" transformation in embodied intelligence.
"In the past, robots relied on separate steps: perception, planning, decision-making and execution. Each stage was disconnected. Now, with an end-to-end motion foundation model, visual input can directly generate joint control commands," Cheng said.
The newly introduced table tennis and tennis competitions are also testing another important capability: perception.
"Robots are moving from simply recognizing the three-dimensional position of a ball to understanding the movement information of opponents and more complex environments," said Li Yinghui, a postdoc researcher and the leader from the Hong Kong University team at the table tennis event. Such capabilities developed in sports scenarios could eventually be transferred to other scenarios in industries or daily life, Li said. 
Beyond entertainment
Though clips from the robot competitions have made a buzz on social media, with some critics from Western media questioning why robots need to dance, play football or compete in athletics while arguing that these activities appear far from everyday needs.
Zhou Changjiu, Vice President of the RoboCup Federation and the Robotics Competition Association of the Asia-Pacific (RCAP), stressed robot sports are not designed for entertainment alone. "Robot competitions are testing the capabilities needed for humanoid robots to enter the real world," Zhou told the Global Times.
Different events evaluate different abilities. Sprinting tests speed, marathons examine battery endurance and energy management, while football provides a comprehensive test because of its dynamic and unpredictable nature, testing intelligence, manipulation, interaction, safety, cost and trust at the same time, Zhou said.
Unlike a single-task demonstration, football requires robots to cooperate. Players must understand their own roles, recognize teammates and opponents, and make collective decisions - a form of swarm intelligence that could become essential when robots work together in homes, factories and emergency rescue environments.
Entertainment, however, can generate business opportunities. Gu Jinghai, brand director of EYOU Robot Co, told the Global Times that the company sold 95,000 integrated joints in China in 2025 and expects sales to exceed 1 million units in 2026. Growth mainly comes from planetary joints used in entertainment robots, while harmonic joints for industrial robots are also expanding steadily, he said. 
Jiao Jichao, an executive from UBTECH Robotics, said the criticism that "Chinese robots can only sing and dance" reflects only a temporary stage of development. "Performance and dancing are also real commercial demands, and their existence has value," Jiao said. "Beyond entertainment, Chinese robots are already demonstrating intelligent capabilities that support practical applications in manufacturing, and partnerships with companies including Huawei and Foxconn, where robots have already entered production lines in small-scale applications."
The Outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of China stated that the country will construct a comprehensive cultivation system for future industries including the embody intelligence as new economic growth drivers.
Zhou said the development of humanoid robots is not only about individual machines, but about building an entire ecosystem.
China's advantage lies in its complete supply chain, abundant application scenarios and manufacturing capabilities, while the fast growing industry still faces challenges such as the lack of unified standards.
Gu said the company has launched mass production of robotics joint under domestic standard of auto parts. 
Robot competitions can help address these issues by creating common standards in areas such as competition rules, robot dimensions, communication systems, batteries and joint modules. "As applications expand, the cost of key robot components will continue to decline," Zhou said. 
"Numbers are magic," Zhou said. "If producing one robot costs a huge amount because it is handmade, producing one million robots will completely change the cost structure."
For humanoid robots, the race taking place inside the Ice Ribbon may not ultimately be about who crosses the finish line first. It may be about whether these machines can learn to navigate the far more complicated race outside the stadium - the race into the real world.
。    手机电量还剩多少，对现代社会的许多人而言，都是一个“性命攸关”的问题。人们对手机充电的强烈需求，也让市面上催生出了许多噱头，无线充电、二倍速充电、能连着用一周的高能充电宝……乱花渐欲迷人眼，但到底什么才是手机充电的正确姿势呢？手机一定要满充满放吗？关于充电，总流传着一些说法：手机电量耗尽再充电，每次要充满，这样才有利于电池保养，随时充会影响电池寿命。实际上，这些理论都比较过时了。早些年广泛使用的充电电池，比如镍镉电池，它的原材料主要是氢氧化镍以及金属镉，缺点很明显：有记忆效应。

B | 简单而言，当多次没有耗尽电量、没有将电充满时，电池容量就会“记住”充电与断电时的电量，分别将其视为电量的最大值和最小值，导致电池容量减少。但现在，镍镉电池等由于重金属污染，重量高，能量密度低等原因已逐渐淘汰，取而代之的是锂离子电池。智能机采取的多是锂离子电池，比起镍镉电池，它的优点是能量密度高，简单而言，就是同样的体积或重量下，储存的电量更多；记忆效应微弱，就算不充满电就拔下来，也不会有什么影响。锂离子电池的注意事项恰恰和镉镍电池的相反：不要没电时再充，也不要充得过满，不需要每次都深度充放电。

C | 锂离子电池的寿命与充电周期相关，每当电量用了100%，就实现了一个循环，循环得越多，电池寿命下降就越明显。

D | 一项针对11种锂离子的研究数据表明，在实现250次循环之后，电池容量都会发生明显的衰减。当实现300～500次循环之后，电池容量就会下降到原有的八成。这是什么原理？有资料显示，当对锂离子电池深度充放电时，正负极的材料结构会被破坏。而锂离子电池主要是依靠锂离子在正极与负极之间的移动来工作，一旦容纳它们活动的空间变少，电池容量也就会相应变低。所以，相比于“满充满放”，“多次少充”才是更适合现在手机的充电习惯。除了充电前后的电量，另一个容易被人们忽略的问题，同样影响电池的使用寿命。先插手机还是先插充电器？是先把插头接入电源，再用数据线连接到手机，还是先把数据线连接到手机，再把插头接入电源？答案是：前者。都是充电，这样的细微差异会有什么影响呢？这里要引出一个知识点：中国居民用电的电压是220V，但手机充电器的电压却往往在5V以内，在给手机充电时，充电器会将高压电流通过变压器转变为低压直流，再输送给手机。

E | 此时，若是将充电器接入手机再插到电源，可以视作直接把手机接在电源上，则可能输出浪涌电压；而反过来，插头先插，它已经是接通状态了，输出已经稳定在5V左右，从而不太会出现浪涌电压。浪涌，又名突波，是指超出正常工作电压的瞬间过电压。

F | 有时插拔开关看到的闪亮火花，大多就是浪涌。虽然时间只有百万分之一秒，长久下来却能给手机电池带来不小的损害。而先把充电器插好，再连接手机时，这种情况就几乎不会发生了。除非电流本身不稳定。充完了，要先拔手机还是先拔插头呢？答案是：先拔掉手机。因为在拔下充电器的那一刻，也会产生反向瞬时电流，加速电池的老化。原理看上去挺复杂，但是想记住插拔的正确顺序也不难。可以试着把充电器、充电线和插座当作一体，充电时是手机“贴过来”，充满时则是手机“被抛弃”，这样操作，就安全多了。

G | 充电宝也受“充电周期”影响很多人都会随身携带充电宝，以防出门在外找不着插座。它的确很便捷，一个小小的移动电源，就能维系手机的正常运转，简直是救星。但关于充电宝，也有许多噱头与误区。目前，市面上有许多自称20000毫安的充电宝。但大部分手机，哪怕是旗舰版，电池容量也都在5000毫安以下。早些年的“钉子户”产品，甚至只有可怜的2000～3000毫安。买了20000毫安的充电宝，岂不是一家三口出行两天都不用愁了？当你真的买回来才会知道，充不了两次就没电了。难道是商家在虚假宣传？其实是玩了一个文字游戏。商家标出的容量，多是电芯本身的容量，也就是电池内多节锂离子电池电量之和，由于电量在转换过程中会出现损耗情况，充电宝能提供给手机的有效电量肯定是低于这个数据的。

H | 想知道充电宝真正能用多少次，就要仔细去翻看说明书中的小字：额定容量。这是实验室测试出的最小可放电容量。有家媒体曾做过测评，那些自称20000毫安的充电宝，实际容量最大的与最小的可以差到4000毫安，都够大部分手机完整充一次电了。

I | 要注意的是，由于充电宝采取的同样是锂离子电池，寿命同样受到充电周期的影响，同样建议“多次少充”，而不要“满充满放”。如何正确充电？如果手机的使用也有短板效应，大概电量就是那块短板了。

J | 不过，在日常的使用中，也有一些以为正确的充电方法，其实并不是。

K | 1不能混用充电线、充电器？买手机送配套充电设备是惯例，可近些年来，有厂商打着环保之名不再赠送充电器，只能自己购买。

L | 官网上的价格太高，很多人就会选择便宜些的，觉得充电设备本身就是易损耗品。这也就导致，很多人用了没多久，也许充电线、充电器和手机就不是配套的了。于是，许多传闻就出来了：不配套的充电器会导致电池短路，影响使用寿命。实际上，这个说法显然太小看充电器了。

M | 充电器内部一般都会带有智能芯片，识别手机所需的电流电压从而进行调整，比如说，你购买的是快充头，但是手机不支持快充，那么快充头就会自动调整为适合手机的输入电量。有人抱怨快充头不起作用，实际上就是这个原理。

N | 不过，在购买时也要尽量认准正规品牌，不要贪小便宜买到山寨。毕竟，山寨充电器里面的配置实在不好说，很可能识别不出手机所需电流电压，损坏手机。

o | 2不要边玩边充？有人会认为，让电池放电的同时又充电，会影响寿命，其实，真正影响电池寿命的，是边玩边充导致的温度骤升。

p | 每个人都会有这样的体验，玩高配置游戏，或者使用快充时，手机都会发烫。一份调查显示，就算是不用手机，温度升高依然会加速电池容量减少。所以，为了电池安全，最好还是别让它“一心多用”。

q | 除此之外，需要注意的是，不要给手机买太厚的保护壳。

r | 市面上现在有许多花里胡哨的保护壳，好看是好看，但并不是每款都适合手机。和电脑等设备一样，手机同样是需要散热的，如果把它包裹得严严实实，用的还是隔热材料，只会让手机外表看上去没什么划痕，内里早就有了损伤。为了避开高温，还要注意，睡前不要将手机放在枕头旁以及阳光下。这个举动，保护的不只是手机，更是你。（来源：科普中国）责任编辑：魏韫桐。

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Published on:14:29:42